58 research outputs found
Learning-Based Client Selection for Federated Learning Services Over Wireless Networks with Constrained Monetary Budgets
We investigate a data quality-aware dynamic client selection problem for
multiple federated learning (FL) services in a wireless network, where each
client offers dynamic datasets for the simultaneous training of multiple FL
services, and each FL service demander has to pay for the clients under
constrained monetary budgets. The problem is formalized as a non-cooperative
Markov game over the training rounds. A multi-agent hybrid deep reinforcement
learning-based algorithm is proposed to optimize the joint client selection and
payment actions, while avoiding action conflicts. Simulation results indicate
that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve training performance.Comment: 6 pages,8 figure
Seamless Service Provisioning for Mobile Crowdsensing: Towards Integrating Forward and Spot Trading Markets
The challenge of exchanging and processing of big data over Mobile
Crowdsensing (MCS) networks calls for the new design of responsive and seamless
service provisioning as well as proper incentive mechanisms. Although
conventional onsite spot trading of resources based on real-time network
conditions and decisions can facilitate the data sharing over MCS networks, it
often suffers from prohibitively long service provisioning delays and
unavoidable trading failures due to its reliance on timely analysis of complex
and dynamic MCS environments. These limitations motivate us to investigate an
integrated forward and spot trading mechanism (iFAST), which entails a new
hybrid service trading protocol over the MCS network architecture. In iFAST,
the sellers (i.e., mobile users with sensing resources) can provide long-term
or temporary sensing services to the buyers (i.e., sensing task owners). iFast
enables signing long-term contracts in advance of future transactions through a
forward trading mode, via analyzing historical statistics of the market, for
which the notion of overbooking is introduced and promoted. iFAST further
enables the buyers with unsatisfying service quality to recruit temporary
sellers through a spot trading mode, upon considering the current
market/network conditions. We analyze the fundamental blocks of iFAST, and
provide a case study to demonstrate its superior performance as compared to
existing methods. Finally, future research directions on reliable service
provisioning for next-generation MCS networks are summarized
Association of HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles and haplotypes with HIV-1 infection in Chongqing, China
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) epidemic in Chongqing, China, is increasing rapidly with the dominant subtype of CRF07_BC over the past 3 years. Since human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have shown strong association with susceptibility/resistance to HIV-1 infection from individuals with different ethnic backgrounds, a recent investigation on frequencies of HLA class I and class II alleles in a Chinese cohort also indicated that similar correlation existed in HIV infected individuals from several provinces in China, however, such information is unavailable in Chongqing, southwest China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this population-based study, we performed polymerase chain reaction analysis with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) for intermediate-low-resolution HLA typing in a cohort of 549 HIV-1 infected individuals, another 2475 healthy subjects from the Han nationality in Chongqing, China, were selected as population control. We compared frequencies of HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles, haplotypes and genotypes between the two groups, and analyzed their association with HIV-1 susceptibility or resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The genetic profile of HLA (A, B, DRB1) alleles of HIV-1 infected individuals from Chongqing Han of China was obtained. Several alleles of HLA-B such as B*46 (P = 0.001, OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.13-1.68), B*1501G(B62) (P = 0.013, OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.08-1.88), B*67 (P = 0.022, OR = 2.76, 95%CI = 1.16-6.57), B*37 (P = 0.014, OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.14-3.28) and B*52 (P = 0.038, OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.03-2.61) were observed to have association with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in this population. In addition, the haplotype analysis revealed that A*11-B*46, A*24-B*54 and A*01-B*37 for 2-locus, and A*11-B*46-DRB1*09, A*02-B*46-DRB1*08, A*11-B*4001G-DRB1*15, A*02-B*4001G-DRB1*04, A*11-B*46-DRB1*08 and A*02-B*4001G-DRB1*12 for 3-locus had significantly overrepresented in HIV-1 infected individuals, whereas A*11-B*1502G, A*11-B*1502G-DRB1*12 and A*33-B*58-DRB1*13 were underrepresented. However, the low-resolution homozygosity of HLA-A, B, DRB1 loci and HLA-Bw4/Bw6 genotypes did not differ significantly between the two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results may contribute to the database of HLA profiles in HIV-1 infected Chinese population, consequently, the association of certain HLA alleles with susceptibility or resistance to HIV-1 infection would provide with clues in choosing proper preventive strategies against HIV-1 infection and developing effective HIV-1 vaccines in Chinese population, especially for those in southwest China.</p
An integrated platform to facilitate the calculation, validation and visualisation of optical flow velocities in biological images
10.25540/RF37-77V
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